Chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury have traditionally been considered as
separate entities with different etiologies. This view has changed in recent years, with
chronic kidney disease recognized as a major risk factor for the development of new acute
kidney injury, and acute kidney injury now accepted to lead to de novo or accelerated
chronic and end stage kidney diseases. Patients with existing chronic kidney disease
appear to be less able to mount a complete 'adaptive'repair after acute insults, and instead …